In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort and change in the intestinal habits. The aim of this study was the comparison of brain oscillations features between patients with IBS and healthy control, speciallity in alpha frequency band by using rest-electroencephalography (EEG). 11 IBS patients (7 females and 4 male) and 11 healthy (7 females and 4 male), gender and age-matched, were selected and brain oscillations were recorded by a 64-channel EEG at rest in eye-closed condition. Alpha power, peak alpha frequency and frontal alpha asymmetry were calculated and analyzed by fast Fourier transform and independent t test. The results showed that in IBS group, the average of alpha was higher, the peak alpha frequency and frontal alpha asymmetry are lower than healthy control. Our findings indicated that difference between healthy control and IBS group in their cortical functions and generated brain wave oscillation, specifically in alpha frequency bands. Theses results may serve as a biomarker and prognostic tools for IBS treatments.

Background: Driver fatigue is one of the major implications in transportation safety and accounted for up to 40% of road accidents. This study aimed to analyze the EEG alpha power changes in partially sleep-deprived drivers while performing a simulated driving task.Methods: Twelve healthy male car drivers participated in an overnight study. Continuous EEG and EOG records were taken during driving on a virtual reality simulator on a monotonous road. Simultaneously, video recordings from the driver face and behavior were performed in lateral and front views and rated by two trained observers. Moreover, the subjective self-assessment of fatigue was implemented in every 10-min interval during the driving using Fatigue Visual Analog Scale (F-VAS). Power spectrum density and fast Fourier transform (FFT) were used to determine the absolute and relative alpha powers in the initial and final 10 minutes of driving.Results: The findings showed a significant increase in the absolute alpha power (P=0.006) as well as F-VAS scores during the final section of driving (P=0.001). Meanwhile, video ratings were consistent with subjective self-assessment of fatigue.Conclusion: The increase in alpha power in the final section of driving indicates the decrease in the level of alertness and attention and the onset of fatigue, which was consistent with F-VAS and video ratings. The study suggested that variations in alpha power could be a good indicator for driver mental fatigue, but for using as a countermeasure device needed further investigations.

Introduction: Advertising will be useless if they fail to attract the attention of the audience. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the frontal and prefrontal area in connection with the power of the alpha band while watching commercial advertisement. Materials and Methods: The research design was semi experimental and 30 participants (15 men and 15 women) watched two advertises (sports and non-sports). In this research, the Neuro Guide software was used to convert electro-encephalographic data to quantitative data. Results: The results of the study showed that alpha power decreased in mos t of the channels among all individuals during watching the sports advertisements. This decrease was not observed when watching non-sports advertisements. This difference was also examined in terms of gender effect and the results showed that there was no significant difference between male and female. Conclusion: Our data suggested that the use of sport elements may enhance attention toward advertisement and lead to a long-lasting and efficacious memory retention.

Background and Aim: Stress occurs frequently every day and has delayed effects. If the frequency of stress is too high and homoeostatic mechanisms cannot return the brain to the normal state, a person becomes prone to chronic stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of acute stress on electroencephalographic (EEG) changes along with hormonal changes and self-examination of stress in soldiers. Methods: A total of 24 healthy young men (soldiers) agreed to participate in the project. Before and 20 minutes after (recovery phase) performing the Trier social stress test (TSST); self-examination of stress, cortisol measurements in saliva and EEG recording were taken. Scores for emotional intelligence and IQ, and the depression, anxiety and stress score (DASS) were determined. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between emotional intelligence and the DASS score in soldiers. Analysis of repeated measures showed that the level of salivary cortisol and the self-reported stress score were increased after the TSST (p<0. 05). Whereas the cortisol level continued to increase, the self-report score was back to the pre-stress level after the recovery phase. The relative power of the alpha band in the closed eye was increased in most regions after stress, which was still high after recovery (P<0. 001). Nonlinear indices of the fractal dimension of Ketz and spectral entropy in the prefrontal channels were reduced only after TSST and patients had returned to pre-stress levels after recovery (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Increase of the alpha rhythm of almost all regions of brain and decrease of non-linear features, fractal Ketz and spectral entropy in the prefrontal region can be valid markers of stress in the brain.

Baculovirus expression system has been used successfully to over-express eukaryotic proteins in insect cells. This system uses a very strong viral promoter, AcNPV polyhedrin, for high level protein expression. Here a Baculovirus expression system was used to express the Mouse Gaq protein (mGaq) in SF9 insect cells. The recombinant protein was made at high levels and it was found in the cell membrane where it functions as a signaling molecule.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

In this paper, we introduce a novel family of statistical models called a new alpha power type-1 family of distributions. Three sub-cases of the family are discussed. Based on the novel family, a special model, explicitly, a new alpha power type-1-Weibull distribution is studied in depth. The new model has very interesting patterns of failure rates like increasing, decreasing, bathtub, and parabola-down. Hence, it is so flexible. Based on the comparison analysis, among five well-known models, it has an impact on health data analysis. Furthermore, the count data models capable of handling overdispersion and zero-inflation are discussed and applied the real health data. The zero-inflated negative binomial model in the frequentist approach has shown its popularity in handling both overdispersion and zero-inflation simultaneously, while the discrete Weibull model with the logit(q) link in the Bayesian approach outperformed its counterparts.